perigee

perigeum puhekieltä The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.
(quote-journal)|date=7 September 2014|passage=As the moon wheels around Earth every 28 days and shows us a progressively greater and then stingier slice of its sun-lightened face, the distance between the moon and Earth changes, too. At the nearest point along its egg-shaped orbit, its perigee, the moon may be 26,000 miles closer to us than it is at its far point.
puhekieltä The point, in an orbit about any planet, that is closest to the planet: the periapsis of any satellite.
1995, John H. Rogers, The Giant Planet Jupiter, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-41008-3, http://books.google.com/books?id=SO48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA335&dq=perigee page 335:

Conjunctions of I and II Io and Europa occur when they are near perigee and apogee respectively; conjunctions of II and III Europa and Ganymede occur when II Europa is near perigee.

The resolution of the images obtained by this American probe Messenger will depend on its altitude above Mercury at any one time: about ten meters at perigee (200km altitude), but only one 1 km at apogee (15000km).

Nereid’s apogee—farthest point from Neptune—is five times the distance of its perigee—its closest point.